1.14.16.4: tryptophan 5-monooxygenase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about tryptophan 5-monooxygenase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 1.14.16.4
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1.14.16.4
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serotonin
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serotonergic
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raphe
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5-hydroxytryptamine
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monoamine
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dorsal
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dopamine
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neurotransmitter
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hippocampus
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antidepressant
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reuptake
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5-hydroxytryptophan
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anxiety
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psychiatric
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midbrain
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striatum
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hypothalamus
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neurochemical
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5-hydroxyindoleacetic
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mood
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enterochromaffin
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neurotransmission
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5-hiaa
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p-chlorophenylalanine
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fluoxetine
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pineal
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brainstem
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alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine
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monoaminergic
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5,7-dihydroxytryptamine
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analysis
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methamphetamine
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autoreceptors
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slc6a4
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immobility
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pargyline
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n-acetylserotonin
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neostriatal
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5-httlpr
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medicine
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citalopram
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antidepressant-like
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carcinoid
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biopterins
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impulsivity
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oxidase-a
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tetrahydropterins
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fenfluramine
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impulsive
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8-oh-dpat
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5-hydroxyindole
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drug development
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3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
- 1.14.16.4
- serotonin
-
serotonergic
-
raphe
- 5-hydroxytryptamine
-
monoamine
-
dorsal
- dopamine
-
neurotransmitter
- hippocampus
-
antidepressant
-
reuptake
- 5-hydroxytryptophan
-
anxiety
-
psychiatric
- midbrain
- striatum
- hypothalamus
-
neurochemical
-
5-hydroxyindoleacetic
-
mood
-
enterochromaffin
-
neurotransmission
-
5-hiaa
- p-chlorophenylalanine
- fluoxetine
-
pineal
- brainstem
- alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine
-
monoaminergic
-
5,7-dihydroxytryptamine
- analysis
- methamphetamine
-
autoreceptors
-
slc6a4
-
immobility
- pargyline
- n-acetylserotonin
- neostriatal
-
5-httlpr
- medicine
- citalopram
-
antidepressant-like
- carcinoid
- biopterins
-
impulsivity
-
oxidase-a
- tetrahydropterins
- fenfluramine
-
impulsive
-
8-oh-dpat
- 5-hydroxyindole
- drug development
- 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine
Reaction
Synonyms
hTPH2, indoleacetic acid-5-hydroxylase, L-tryptophan 5-hydroxylase, L-tryptophan hydroxylase, oxygenase, tryptophan 5-mono-, peripheral tryptophan hydroxylase, PTMO, putative tryptophan monooxygenase, TH2, TPH, TPH-1, TPH-2, TPH1, TPH2, TRpOH, tryptophan 5-hydroxylase, tryptophan 5-monooxygenase, tryptophan hydroxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase 1, tryptophan hydroxylase 2, tryptophan hydroxylase I, tryptophan hydroxylase isoform 1, tryptophan hydroxylase isoform 2, tryptophan hydroxylase isoform2, tryptophan hydroxylase type I, tryptophan hydroxylase-1, tryptophan hydroxylase-2, tryptophan-5-hydroxylase
ECTree
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Activating Compound
Activating Compound on EC 1.14.16.4 - tryptophan 5-monooxygenase
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2-mercaptoethylamine
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30 mM, 93.8% activity compared to activation with dithiothreitol
2-mercaptopropionate
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30 mM, 11.7% activity compared to activation with dithiothreitol
3-Mercaptopropionate
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30 mM, 22% activity compared to activation with dithiothreitol
N-acetylcysteine
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30 mM, 31.2% activity compared to activation with dithiothreitol
2-mercaptoethanol
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30 mM, 79.3% activity compared to activation with dithiothreitol
dithiothreitol
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or other sulfhydryl reagents like 2-mercaptoethanol and L-cysteine are essential for activation, 5fold increase in activity
phosphorylation at Ser19 by protein kinase A or Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II activates TPH2 by about 30%, high-affinity binding of purified PKA-phosphorylated TPH2 bound to the 14-3-3 proteins gamma , epsilon and BMH1 causes further increased enzyme activity, overview
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additional information
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phosphorylation at Ser19 by protein kinase A or Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II activates TPH2 by about 30%, high-affinity binding of purified PKA-phosphorylated TPH2 bound to the 14-3-3 proteins gamma , epsilon and BMH1 causes further increased enzyme activity, overview
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additional information
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phosphorylation of TPH2 at Ser19 within the regulatory domain of the enzyme by calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activates the enzyme
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additional information
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citalopram raises basal extracellular serotonin levels in DBA/2J, DBA/2N and BALB/c mice carrying the 1473G allele, but not in C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mice carrying the 1473C allele, overview
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additional information
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enzyme expression and activity are increased in hypoxic rats, the effect is partially reversed by 4-chlorophenylalanine and is reduced in TPH1-deficient rats, overview
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additional information
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senescence-accelerated prone mouse 6 show increased serotonin levels, probably due to phosphorylation at Ser58, overview
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additional information
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pronase is most effective for activation. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, V8 protease and lysylendoprotease also activate PTMO, but the activity obtained using these proteases is only 5% of that with pronase
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additional information
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Acanthopanax senticosus, as aqueous extracts from fresh stem braks, increases the time to exhaustion by treadmill running and it suppressed the exercise-induced increase of 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis and TPH expression. Acanthopanax senticosus is effective as caffeine for increasing the exhaustion time in treadmill running and for reducing the exercise-induced increase of 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis and TPH expression in the dorsal raphe, overview
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additional information
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administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine to rats induces TPH1, but affects serotonin biosynthesis and TPH enzyme activity in dorsal raphe nuclei, and it decreases SERT binding sites in the striatum, nucleus accumbens and cingulate cortex demonstrating a loss of 5-hydroxytryptamine terminals, overview
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additional information
fluoxetine treatment for 4 and 8 weeks significantly increases basal TPH2 mRNA levels in the midbrain, correlated with the appearance of antidepressant-like effects in the forced swim test, co-induction of TPH2 and the 5-hydroxytryptamine transporter expression, overview
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additional information
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in differentiated RN46A cells, the TPH2 promoter is induced 2.5fold by ionomycin, similar to its action on TPH2 RNA. By contrast, ionomycin has no effect onTPH2 promoter activity in GH4C1 cells or TPH2-negative L6 myoblasts, overview
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additional information
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the calcium influx through L-type high voltage-activated calcium channels is essential for the full activation of tryptophan hydroxylase leading to melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland
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additional information
TPH2 is upregulated by dominant-negative RE-1 silencer of transcription, minimum of 4.4fold relative to hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase, overview
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