1.14.14.158: carotenoid epsilon hydroxylase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about carotenoid epsilon hydroxylase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 1.14.14.158
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1.14.14.158
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lutein
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chlorophyll
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maize
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light-harvesting
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xanthophylls
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di-iron
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ripening
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malondialdehyde
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photoprotection
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hydroxylases
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carotenogenic
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non-heme
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photooxidation
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chloroplast
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tomato
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p450-type
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kernels
- 1.14.14.158
- lutein
- chlorophyll
- maize
-
light-harvesting
- xanthophylls
-
di-iron
-
ripening
- malondialdehyde
-
photoprotection
- hydroxylases
-
carotenogenic
-
non-heme
- photooxidation
- chloroplast
- tomato
-
p450-type
-
kernels
Reaction
Synonyms
carotenoid epsilon hydroxylase, carotenoid epsilon-hydroxylase, carotenoid epsilon-ring hydroxylase, CHXE, CitCYP97C, CYP97a3, CYP97C, CYP97C1, CYP97C19, EC 1.14.99.45, epsilon carotene hydroxylase, epsilon ring hydroxylase, epsilon-ring carotene hydroxylase, epsilon-ring hydroxylase, heme-containing cytochrome P450 carotene epsilon-ring hydroxylase, IdCHXE, LUT1, LUT1/CYP97C1, LUT5, LUT5/CYP97A3, zeinoxanthin 3'-hydroxylase
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General Information on EC 1.14.14.158 - carotenoid epsilon hydroxylase
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GENERAL INFORMATION 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
malfunction
metabolism
physiological function
malfunction
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mis-expressing of CYP97C1 impacts carotenoids metabolic flux
malfunction
quadruple chy1chy2lut2lut5 mutant lacks lutein and shows a compensatory increase in beta-xanthophylls with respect to the chy1chy2lut5 mutant. Chy1chy2lut2lut5 mutant plants show an even stronger photosensitivity than mutant chy1chy2lut5, a complete lack of qE, the rapidly reversible component of non-photochemical quenching, and a peculiar organization of the pigment binding complexes into thylakoids. The chy1chy2lut2lut5 mutant is depleted in Lhcb subunits and is specifically affected in Photosystem I function, showing a deficiency in PSI-LHCI supercomplexes, phenotype, overview
metabolism
BT012891
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthetic pathway of lutein in plants, overview
metabolism
the first step in xanthophyll biosynthesis from alpha- and beta-carotene is the hydroxylation of epsilon- and beta-rings, performed by both non-heme iron oxygenases CHY1 and CHY2, and by P450 cytochromes, LUT1/CYP97C1 and LUT5/CYP97A3. CHY1, CHY2, LUT1/CYP97C1 and LUT5/CYP97A3 are the complete complement of carotene hydroxylases in Arabidopsis thaliana
metabolism
the enzyme is involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway
metabolism
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the enzyme is involved in the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, for which 7 crucial genes are responsible, overview
physiological function
the enzyme is involved in xanthophyll biosynthesis, correlation between xanthophyll levels and the PSI-PSII ratio, xanthophylls are needed for normal level of Photosystem I and LHCII accumulation
physiological function
BT012891
the overexpression of gene LeLUT1 has a key function in alleviating photoinhibition and photooxidation, and decreases the sensitivity of photosynthesis to chilling stress
physiological function
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alpha-carotene and beta-carotene turns into lutein and zeaxanthin, respectively, by the hydroxylation process, in the presence of epsilon-ring carotene hydroxylase and beta-ring carotene hydroxylase
physiological function
of the four citrus carotene hydroxylases presented in four distinct clusters, CitCYP97C is the one responsible for epsilon-ring hydroxylation in Citrus unshiu, while CitCYP97A and CitCYP97B hydroxylate the alpha- and beta-rings of alpha-carotene, respectively, roles of four carotene hydroxylase genes (CitHYb, CitCYP97A, CitCYP97B, and CitCYP97C) in regulating xanthophylls biosynthesis. Zeaxanthin increases significantly during the ripening process in Citrus fruits, contents of alpha-carotene and lutein increase gradually in the juice sacs during the ripening process, the content of beta-cryptoxanthin, the major carotenoid in Satsuma mandarin, increases significantly during the ripening process in December, overview
