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drug development
development of 5-thiohistidine derivatives as therapeutics for GGT-positive tumors
analysis
assays for gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT1) activity in blood are widely used in a clinical setting to measure tissue damage
analysis
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gamma-glutamyltransferase can be used as a marker related with oxidative stress
analysis
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GGT level is a good predictor of low coronary flow reserve at the receiver-operating characteristic curve
analysis
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plasma layer stratification might occur in primary lithium-heparin tubes for a limited number of routine clinical chemistry tests, introducing a statistically significant bias in the measurement of gamma-glutamyltransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, triglycerides and C-reactive protein in the upper vs. the bottom section. When delayed testing is necessary for these parameters, plasma should be separated after centrifugation and appropriately mixed before delayed/repeated analysis or aliquoting
analysis
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analytical method for the selective determination and speciation of S-nitrosoglutathione and its metabolite S-nitrosocysteinylglycine, based on liquid chromatography separation coupled to on-line enzymatic hydrolysis of S-nitrosoglutathione by commercial GGT. The limit of quantitation for S-nitrosoglutathione and S-nitrosocysteinylglycine in plasma ultrafiltrate is 5 nM, with a precision of 1-6% within the 5-1500 nM dynamic linear range. The method is applied to evaluate the recovery of exogenous S-nitrosoglutathione after addition of aliquots to human plasma samples presenting with different total GGT activities. By inhibiting GGT activity in a time-dependent manner, the recovery of S-nitrosoglutathione is inversely correlated with plasmatic levels of endogenous GGT
analysis
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simple, robust and highly sensitive assay based on an alpha-phenylthio-containing glutathione peptide mimic gamma-glutamyl-D,L-phenylthioglycylglycine that eliminates thiophenol upon GGT-catalyzed hydrolysis of the c-glutamyl peptide bond
diagnostics
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direct detection of GGT activity can provide critical information for the diagnosis of several pathologies. Elevated serum GGT levels are a general marker of diseases affecting the liver
diagnostics
the GGT enzyme is known as a diagnostic enzyme for liver and biliary related diseases
diagnostics
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the GGT enzyme is known as a diagnostic enzyme for liver and biliary related diseases
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food industry
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development of an enzymatic method involving Bacillus licheniformis GGT (BlGGT) for the synthesis of gamma-glutamyl-L-leucine (gamma-Glu-Leu) from glutamine and leucine, since the mass production of Kokumi peptides from natural resources in high purity generally involves several tedious and inefficient operation processes. Parameter optimization of the BlGGT-catalyzed reaction for the biocatalytic synthesis of this Kokumi-imparting molecule
food industry
GGT has gained importance as a biotechnologically important catalyst in food sector. In food sector, GGT enzyme finds application in soy sauce industry, debittering of amino acids, synthesis of flavor enhancer, and nutraceutical peptides such as L-theanine
food industry
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GGT has gained importance as a biotechnologically important catalyst in food sector. In food sector, GGT enzyme finds application in soy sauce industry, debittering of amino acids, synthesis of flavor enhancer, and nutraceutical peptides such as L-theanine
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medicine
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bioconversion of cytotoxic and mutagenic agents to inactive 5-L-glutamyl-derivatives
medicine
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a longitudinal increase in GGT, independently of baseline GGT and even within its normal range, significantly increases risk of fatal cardiovascular disease
medicine
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elevated gamma-glutamyltransferase is associated with significantly increased risk of stroke, fatal coronary heart disease events and cardiovascular disease mortality independent of established cardiovascular disease risk factors and may be a useful additional marker for long-term cardiovascular disease
medicine
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elevated GGT is significantly associated with increased cancer risk in men
medicine
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gamma-glutamyltransferase is a strong predictor of metabolic syndrome. Lipid peroxide measured by tert-butyl hydroperoxide-initiated chemiluminescence and gamma-glutamyltransferase activity are reliable markers of oxidative stress in this syndrome
medicine
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gamma-glutamyltransferase is a useful as an indirect marker of liver disease
medicine
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gamma-glutamyltransferase is associated with mortality in both men and women, especially in patients younger than 30 years. Even high-normal gamma-glutamyltransferase is a risk factor for all-cause mortality
medicine
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gamma-glutamyltransferase is confirmed as independent risk factor in patients with established coronary artery disease. gamma-Glutamyltransferase, C-reactive protein, fasting glucose show an additive prognostic value, whereas low values of these biomarkers identify a subset of patients with the lowest risk of cardiac death
medicine
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gamma-glutamyltransferase is positively associated with incident coronary heart disease and stroke in both women and men in European populations and among self-reported nondrinkers. Therefore, gamma-glutamyltransferase levels probably also reflect other biological processes or indeed lifestyle or dietary behaviors that are linked to cardiovascular disease
medicine
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gamma-glutamyltransferase levels may be a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, inflammation and metabolic syndrome
medicine
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gamma-glutamyltransferase might be an additional marker of arterial stiffness, especially in men, though the relationship with arterial stiffness is very weak
medicine
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gender-specific clusters including mean corpuscular erythrocyte volume, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, gamma-glutamyltransferase, homocysteine and folate led to an increase in sensitivity compared to single laboratory markers. This is a reliable help to identify patients with regular heavy drinking in clinical practice which might prevent further complications
medicine
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GGT, a predictor of type 2 diabetes, is associated with a risk of incident metabolic syndrome
medicine
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given the involvement of GGT in bone and joint diseases characterized by accelerated osteoclast development, GGT may be a novel target for the development of diagnostics and therapeutics
medicine
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GSTM1- and GSTM1-/GSTT1- genotypes may be a genetic risk factor for the increase of GGT in Japanese epileptic patients treated with valproic acid patients. It is not possible to clarify whether the GGT increase is caused by valproic acid-induced hepatotoxicity or not
medicine
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habitual coffee consumption is associated with lower incidence of type II diabetes particularly in those with higher baseline serum GGT levels
medicine
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high gamma-glutamyltransferase levels significantly increased cancer risk in women
medicine
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high serum gamma-glutamyltransferase is associated with an increased risk of liver cancer
medicine
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level of GGT may be a useful marker to determine appropriate amounts of drinking for individuals
medicine
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retreatment with PegIFN-alpha-2b and ribavirin for a minimum of 48 weeks should be considered in all patients with chronic hepatitis C unresponsive to previous IFN-based therapies. Baseline gamma-glutamyltransferase values and rapid virological response are highly predictive for retreatment outcome
medicine
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serum GGT is specifically associated with the visceral fat area, but not with the subcutaneous fat area, suggests that the serum GGT may be useful as a convenient indicator of visceral fat area in the clinical treatment of obesity
medicine
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serum GGT within its normal range can predict cardiovascular diseases mortality in those aged less than 70 years, but may have limited usefulness for risk assessment in older adults
medicine
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the early detection of alcohol consumption (EDAC) test shows better performance than gamma-glutamyltransferase to detect heavy drinking in a large population of males and females
medicine
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the modest elevation of GGT in overweight children may be of pathophysiological importance in the long term
medicine
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the use short, simple questionnaires, combined with that of low-cost biochemical markers, such as gamma-glutamyltransferase, can serve as an initial screening for alcohol-related problems, especially for employees in hazardous occupations
medicine
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GGT levels are higher in patients with coronary artery disease than in control. GGT activity and c-reactive protein levels are higher, left ventricular ejection fraction is lower in patients with acute coronary syndrome compared with stable coronary artery disease group. The increased GGT activity is related to left ventricular function, clinical stability, and inflammatory activity rather than the severity of coronary artery disease. Measurement of GGT activity may be useful in predicting cardiovascular risk
medicine
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study on the association between gamma-GT and disability pension in a cohort of construction workers. gamma-GT is a strong risk indicator of all-cause occupational disability even at levels of gamma-GT in the normal range and is in particular associated with disability pension due to diseases of the digestive system, musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular, and mental diseases
medicine
the enzyme level in the serum is a marker for liver function
medicine
development of 5-thiohistidine derivatives as therapeutics for GGT-positive tumors
medicine
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direct detection of GGT activity can provide critical information for the diagnosis of several pathologies. GGT may serve as a tumor biomarker and its presence on the cell surface is particularly attractive for imaging applications
nutrition
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mutant enzyme D445A is suitable for fermentation of soy sauce and miso
nutrition
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the enzyme is suitable for food fermentation under high salt conditions, e.g. the fermentation of soy sauce and miso
nutrition
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the enzyme is suitable for food fermentation under high salt conditions, e.g. the fermentation of soy sauce and miso
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pharmacology
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bile extracts from diclofenac-dosed rats at 200 mg/kg, show the presence of the gamma-GT-mediated diclofenac-S-acyl-glutathione degradation product diclofenac-N-acyl-cysteinylglycine, where a total of 8 microg is excreted 6 h postadministration. When diclofenac-S-acyl-glutathione is incubated with gamma-GT, the GSH adduct is degraded in a linear time-dependent fashion
pharmacology
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cisplatin administration significantly elevates blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine in male rats day 5 post-treatment. Inhibition of gamma glutamyltranspeptidase prevents cisplatin nephrotoxicity, but not cellular toxicity in rat proximal tubular cultures
pharmacology
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cisplatin administration significantly elevates blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine in mice day 4 post-treatment. Inhibition of gamma glutamyltranspeptidase prevents cisplatin nephrotoxicity
pharmacology
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the administration of a single intraperitoneal dose of potassium dichromate decreases the activity of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alanine aminopeptidase. Utility of gamma-GT and AAP activities as biomarkers in the evaluation of the Cr-induced nephrotoxicity
synthesis
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synthesis of theanine from 5-L-glutamyl-4-nitroanilide and ethylamine
synthesis
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the enzyme can catalyze the transfer of L-glutamine to Gly-Gly to synthesize Gln-Gly-Gly, which is promising for the synthesis of valuable gamma-glutamyl peptides
synthesis
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high potentiality of BlGGT-catalyzed reaction in the synthesis of gamma-glutamyl compounds in variety of biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications
synthesis
in pharmaceutical and medical sectors GGT enzyme can be exploited in the synthesis of pro-drugs and therapeutic compounds such as gamma-glutamyl DOPA, gamma-D-glutamyl-L-tryptophan, and gamma-glutamyl-taurine
synthesis
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the recombinant extracellular enzyme is used for enzymatic synthesis of L-theanine, which is performed at optimal conditions: 20 mM L-Gln, 100 mM ethylamine-HCl, 0.5 U/ml BaGGT, incubated at 40°C for 6 h, 200 rpm
synthesis
using recombinant Bacillus licheniformis gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (BlGGT) in a straightforward procedure for the biocatalytic synthesis of gamma-glutamyl-phenylalanine (gamma-Glu-Phe), qualitative analysis of reaction products, mass spectrometry/nuclear magnetic resonance analyses
synthesis
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synthesis of theanine from 5-L-glutamyl-4-nitroanilide and ethylamine
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synthesis
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the recombinant extracellular enzyme is used for enzymatic synthesis of L-theanine, which is performed at optimal conditions: 20 mM L-Gln, 100 mM ethylamine-HCl, 0.5 U/ml BaGGT, incubated at 40°C for 6 h, 200 rpm
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synthesis
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the enzyme can catalyze the transfer of L-glutamine to Gly-Gly to synthesize Gln-Gly-Gly, which is promising for the synthesis of valuable gamma-glutamyl peptides
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synthesis
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in pharmaceutical and medical sectors GGT enzyme can be exploited in the synthesis of pro-drugs and therapeutic compounds such as gamma-glutamyl DOPA, gamma-D-glutamyl-L-tryptophan, and gamma-glutamyl-taurine
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