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evolution
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ExpI is related to members of the LuxI family
evolution
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ExpI is related to members of the LuxI family
evolution
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the evolutionary history of acylhomoserine lactone synthase and acylhomoserine lactone receptor homologs in sequenced genomes and metagenomes of nitrifying bacteria is analzed
evolution
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the evolutionary history of acylhomoserine lactone synthase and acylhomoserine lactone receptor homologs in sequenced genomes and metagenomes of nitrifying bacteria is analzed
evolution
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the evolutionary history of acylhomoserine lactone synthase and acylhomoserine lactone receptor homologs in sequenced genomes and metagenomes of nitrifying bacteria is analzed
evolution
the evolutionary history of acylhomoserine lactone synthase and acylhomoserine lactone receptor homologs in sequenced genomes and metagenomes of nitrifying bacteria is analzed
evolution
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the evolutionary history of acylhomoserine lactone synthase and acylhomoserine lactone receptor homologs in sequenced genomes and metagenomes of nitrifying bacteria is analzed
evolution
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the evolutionary history of acylhomoserine lactone synthase and acylhomoserine lactone receptor homologs in sequenced genomes and metagenomes of nitrifying bacteria is analzed
malfunction
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a smaI mutation abolishes the synthesis of the antibiotic carbapenem, the pigment prodigiosin, and several hydrolytic enzymes, while a smaR smaI double mutant restores their production
malfunction
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an expR-virR-expI triple mutant is a phenocopy of the virR-expI double mutant, suggesting that ExpR does not play any role in regulating these genes. Exoenzyme production in a virR-expI mutant is still induced at high cell density, rather than constitutive
malfunction
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disruption of esaI caused a sharp decrease in exopolysaccharide accumulation, and production was restored by adding N-3-oxohexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone. EsaR mutants overproduce the same exopolysaccharide, indicating that null mutations in esaR and esaI have opposite phenotypes
malfunction
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mutation of expI abolishes production of two N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones, but does not affect the production of a third one, suggesting the existence of at least one more AHL synthase gene. Mutations of expI and expR have little effect on pectate lyase synthesis, which remains quorum-regulated
malfunction
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a smaI mutation abolishes the synthesis of the antibiotic carbapenem, the pigment prodigiosin, and several hydrolytic enzymes, while a smaR smaI double mutant restores their production
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metabolism
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acylhomoserine lactone quorum sensing is a method of bacterial communication and gene regulation. Acylhomoserine lactone synthase gene is required for, but does not guarantee, cell density-dependent acylhomoserine lactone production
metabolism
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acylhomoserine lactone quorum sensing is a method of bacterial communication and gene regulation. Acylhomoserine lactone synthase gene is required for, but does not guarantee, cell density-dependent acylhomoserine lactone production
metabolism
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acylhomoserine lactone quorum sensing is a method of bacterial communication and gene regulation. Acylhomoserine lactone synthase gene is required for, but does not guarantee, cell density-dependent acylhomoserine lactone production
metabolism
acylhomoserine lactone quorum sensing is a method of bacterial communication and gene regulation. Acylhomoserine lactone synthase gene is required for, but does not guarantee, cell density-dependent acylhomoserine lactone production
metabolism
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acylhomoserine lactone quorum sensing is a method of bacterial communication and gene regulation. Acylhomoserine lactone synthase gene is required for, but does not guarantee, cell density-dependent acylhomoserine lactone production
metabolism
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acylhomoserine lactone quorum sensing is a method of bacterial communication and gene regulation. Acylhomoserine lactone synthase gene is required for, but does not guarantee, cell density-dependent acylhomoserine lactone production
metabolism
the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of N-acyl homoserine lactone
metabolism
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the enzyme is involved in biosynthesis of N-acyl homoserine lactone
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physiological function
Null mutation of expIEcz in the Erwinia chrysanthemi pv. zeae strain EC1 abolished acyl-homoserine lactone production, increased bacterial swimming and swarming motility, disabled formation of multicell aggregates, and attenuated virulence of the pathogen on potato tubers.
physiological function
production of quorum-sensing signals for communication between rhizobia and their plant hosts
physiological function
quorum sensing regulates motility and lipase, and antifungal activities
physiological function
quorum sensing regulates motility and lipase, protease, and antifungal activities
physiological function
quorum-sensing has been linked to the regulation of phenotypes, including modulation of nodulation efficiency, growth rate, exopolysaccharide production, and nitrogen fixation, all of which are important for the establishment of a successful bacterial-plant symbiosis
physiological function
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abaI encodes an enzyme that is involved in production of N-acyl-homoserine lactones as quorum sensing signal molecules. The signal molecules aid in biofilm formation which in turn confer various properties of pathogenicity to the clinical isolates including drug resistance. Quorum sensing is a regulatory mechanism which enables bacteria to make collective decisions with respect to the expression of a specific set of genes. These includes genes involved in biofilm formation and virulence
physiological function
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chemical communication within populations of bacteria enable them to estimate their population density, a process sometimes referred to as quorum sensing. Signalling among Proteobacteria often involves N-acyl-homoserine lactones, which have identical polar head groups and a variety of hydrophobic acyl groups that differ in length, oxidation, and desaturation. AHL signal molecules are often referred to as autoinducers. They are synthesized by LuxI-type AHL synthases. Most LuxR-type receptors, i.e. LuxR, LasR, and TraR, and SpnR in Serratia marcescens require N-acyl-homoserine lactones for function and in at least some cases, N-acyl-homoserine lactones are required for protein folding and protease resistance. The SpnI/SpnR system controls production of prodigiosin, endonuclease, and a surfactant that affects motility
physiological function
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chemical communication within populations of bacteria enable them to estimate their population density, a process sometimes referred to as quorum sensing. Signalling among Proteobacteria often involves N-acyl-homoserine lactones, which have identical polar head groups and a variety of hydrophobic acyl groups that differ in length, oxidation, and desaturation. AHL signal molecules are often referred to as autoinducers. They are synthesized by LuxI-type AHL synthases. Most LuxR-type receptors, i.e. LuxR, LasR, and TraR, and YenR in Yersinia enterocolitica require N-acyl-homoserine lactones for function and in at least some cases, N-acyl-homoserine lactones are required for protein folding and protease resistance
physiological function
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chemical communication within populations of bacteria enable them to estimate their population density, a process sometimes referred to as quorum sensing. Signalling among Proteobacteria often involves N-acyl-homoserine lactones, which have identical polar head groups and a variety of hydrophobic acyl groups that differ in length, oxidation, and desaturation. AHL signal molecules are often referred to as autoinducers. They are synthesized by LuxI-type AHL synthases. Most LuxR-type receptors, i.e. LuxR, LasR, and TraR, EsaR in Pantoea stewartii require N-acyl-homoserine lactones for function and in at least some cases, N-acyl-homoserine lactones are required for protein folding and protease resistance. EsaR represses transcription of its own gene, but does not affect expression of esaI. Nevertheless EsaR does regulate EPS and is antagonized by N-3-oxohexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone
physiological function
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chemical communication within populations of bacteria enable them to estimate their population density, a process sometimes referred to as quorum sensing. Signalling among Proteobacteria often involves N-acyl-homoserine lactones, which have identical polar head groups and a variety of hydrophobic acyl groups that differ in length, oxidation, and desaturation. AHL signal molecules are often referred to as autoinducers. They are synthesized by LuxI-type AHL synthases. Most LuxR-type receptors, i.e. LuxR, LasR, and TraR, or SdiA in Escherichia coli require N-acyl-homoserine lactones for function and in at least some cases, N-acyl-homoserine lactones are required for protein folding and protease resistance, SdiA binds N-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone enhancing its solubility during protein synthesis
physiological function
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chemical communication within populations of bacteria enable them to estimate their population density, a process sometimes referred to as quorum sensing. Signalling among Proteobacteria often involves N-acyl-homoserine lactones, which have identical polar head groups and a variety of hydrophobic acyl groups that differ in length, oxidation, and desaturation. AHL signal molecules are often referred to as autoinducers. They are synthesized by LuxI-type AHL synthases. Most LuxR-type receptors, i.e. LuxR, LasR, and TraR, require N-acyl-homoserine lactones for function and in at least some cases, N-acyl-homoserine lactones are required for protein folding and protease resistance
physiological function
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chemical communication within populations of bacteria enable them to estimate their population density, a process sometimes referred to as quorum sensing. Signalling among Proteobacteria often involves N-acyl-homoserine lactones, which have identical polar head groups and a variety of hydrophobic acyl groups that differ in length, oxidation, and desaturation. AHL signal molecules are often referred to as autoinducers. They are synthesized by LuxI-type AHL synthases. Most LuxR-type receptors, i.e. LuxR, LasR, and TraR, require N-acyl-homoserine lactones for function and in at least some cases, N-acyl-homoserine lactones are required for protein folding and protease resistance
physiological function
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chemical communication within populations of bacteria enable them to estimate their population density, a process sometimes referred to as quorum sensing. Signalling among Proteobacteria often involves N-acyl-homoserine lactones, which have identical polar head groups and a variety of hydrophobic acyl groups that differ in length, oxidation, and desaturation. AHL signal molecules are often referred to as autoinducers. They are synthesized by LuxI-type AHL synthases. Most LuxR-type receptors, i.e. LuxR, LasR, and TraR, require N-acyl-homoserine lactones for function and in at least some cases, N-acyl-homoserine lactones are required for protein folding and protease resistance
physiological function
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chemical communication within populations of bacteria enable them to estimate their population density, a process sometimes referred to as quorum sensing. Signalling among Proteobacteria often involves N-acyl-homoserine lactones, which have identical polar head groups and a variety of hydrophobic acyl groups that differ in length, oxidation, and desaturation. AHL signal molecules are often referred to as autoinducers. They are synthesized by LuxI-type AHL synthases. Most LuxR-type receptors, i.e. LuxR, LasR, and TraR, require N-acyl-homoserine lactones for function and in at least some cases, N-acyl-homoserine lactones are required for protein folding and protease resistance
physiological function
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chemical communication within populations of bacteria enable them to estimate their population density, a process sometimes referred to as quorum sensing. Signalling among Proteobacteria often involves N-acyl-homoserine lactones, which have identical polar head groups and a variety of hydrophobic acyl groups that differ in length, oxidation, and desaturation. AHL signal molecules are often referred to as autoinducers. They are synthesized by LuxI-type AHL synthases. Most LuxR-type receptors, i.e. LuxR, LasR, and TraR, require N-acyl-homoserine lactones for function and in at least some cases, N-acyl-homoserine lactones are required for protein folding and protease resistance. The LasR/LasI system stimulates production of the RhlI/RhlR system, causing the two Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing circuits to initiate sequentially
physiological function
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chemical communication within populations of bacteria enable them to estimate their population density, a process sometimes referred to as quorum sensing. Signalling among Proteobacteria often involves N-acyl-homoserine lactones, which have identical polar head groups and a variety of hydrophobic acyl groups that differ in length, oxidation, and desaturation. AHL signal molecules are often referred to as autoinducers. They are synthesized by LuxI-type AHL synthases. Most LuxR-type receptors, i.e. LuxR, LasR, and TraR, require N-acyl-homoserine lactones for function and in at least some cases, N-acyl-homoserine lactones are required for protein folding and protease resistance. TraR is an 3-oxo-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone-dependent activator of genes required for vegetative replication and conjugative transfer of the Ti plasmid, TraR binds these sites as a dimer and without cooperativity, structure, overview
physiological function
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chemical communication within populations of bacteria enable them to estimate their population density, a process sometimes referred to as quorum sensing. Signalling among Proteobacteria often involves N-acyl-homoserine lactones, which have identical polar head groups and a variety of hydrophobic acyl groups that differ in length, oxidation, and desaturation. AHL signal molecules are often referred to as autoinducers. They are synthesized by LuxI-type AHL synthases. Most LuxR-type receptors, i.e. LuxR, LasR, and TraR, require N-acyl-homoserine lactones for function and in at least some cases, N-acyl-homoserine lactones are required for protein folding and protease resistanceCarR is also a LuxR homolog and directly activates the car operon. CarR is rather closely related to members of the EsaR family, which might suggest that its activity can be blocked by cognate N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones. CarR is often referred to as N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone-independent, as it was able to activate the car operon of Pectobacterium carotovorum in a strain lacking N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones. CarR is essential for transcription of the Serratia car operon and functions perfectly well in an N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone-defective strain. It still seems possible that CarR could be antagonized by N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones, although it functions in strains that produce N-butanoyl-L-homoserine lactone
physiological function
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ExpI controls the expression of the corresponding genes encoding enzymes capable of degrading pectate, cellulose, and protein involved in maceration of plant tissues of the pathogen's host plants. Chemical communication within populations of bacteria enable them to estimate their population density, a process sometimes referred to as quorum sensing. Signalling among Proteobacteria often involves N-acyl-homoserine lactones, which have identical polar head groups and a variety of hydrophobic acyl groups that differ in length, oxidation, and desaturation. AHL signal molecules are often referred to as autoinducers. They are synthesized by LuxI-type AHL synthases. Most LuxR-type receptors, i.e. LuxR, LasR, and TraR, and ExpR1 and ExpR2 (or VirR) in Pectobacterium carotovorum, require N-acyl-homoserine lactones for function and in at least some cases, N-acyl-homoserine lactones are required for protein folding and protease resistance. Receptor ExpR2 or VirR, detects a broader variety of N-acyl-homoserine lactones than ExpR1, and VirR is solely responsible for exoenzyme production. CarR is also a LuxR homolog and directly activates the car operon. CarR is rather closely related to members of the EsaR family, which might suggest that its activity can be blocked by cognate N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones. CarR is often referred to as N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone-independent, as it was able to activate the car operon of Pectobacterium carotovorum in a strain lacking N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones. The CarR protein of Pectobacterium carotovorum requires N-3-oxohexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone synthesized by ExpI to activate the organism's car operon
physiological function
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ExpI controls the expression of the corresponding genes encoding enzymes capable of degrading pectate, cellulose, and protein involved in maceration of plant tissues of the pathogen's host plants. Chemical communication within populations of bacteria enable them to estimate their population density, a process sometimes referred to as quorum sensing. Signalling among Proteobacteria often involves N-acyl-homoserine lactones, which have identical polar head groups and a variety of hydrophobic acyl groups that differ in length, oxidation, and desaturation. AHL signal molecules are often referred to as autoinducers. They are synthesized by LuxI-type AHL synthases. Most LuxR-type receptors, i.e. LuxR, LasR, and TraR, require N-acyl-homoserine lactones for function and in at least some cases, N-acyl-homoserine lactones are required for protein folding and protease resistance. Apo-ExpR autorepresses its synthesis, while N-3-oxohexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone almost fully blocked autorepression
physiological function
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PgaI is responsible for the synthesis of R-N-3-hydroxy-decanoyl -L-homoserine lactone, and PgaI can still produce R-N-3-hydroxy-decanoyl -L-homoserine lactone in a pgaR-negative background, indicating that PgaR is not essential for the production of R-N-3-hydroxy-decanoyl -L-homoserine lactone. tropodithietic acid production in Phaeobacter gallaeciensis is regulated by N-acyl homoserine lactone-mediated quorum sensing, which involves the luxR-luxI-like quorum-sensing system with AHL synthase PgaI. The LuxR-type transcriptional regulator, PgaR, and 3OH-C10-HSL or, alternatively, antibiotic tropodithietic acid are required to induce the expression of tdaA and subsequently for the production of TDA, overview
physiological function
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quorum sensing systems rely on a signal receptor and a synthase producing N-acyl-homoserine lactone(s) as the signal molecule(s). The rsaL gene, located between the signal receptor and synthase genes, encodes a repressor limiting signal synthase expression and hence signal molecule production, molecular mechanism of action of the RsaL protein in the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas putida WCS358, overview
physiological function
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quorum sensing systems rely on a signal receptor and a synthase producing N-acyl-homoserine lactone(s) as the signal molecule(s). The rsaL gene, located between the signal receptor and synthase genes, encodes a repressor limiting signal synthase expression and hence signal molecule production, molecular mechannism, overview
physiological function
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the enzyme is involved in quorum sensing and biosynthesis of N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones. Quorum sensing controls certain behaviors of bacteria in response to population density and influences the virulence. In Gram-negative bacteria, quorum sensing is often mediated by N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones. Quorum sensing controls virulence, motility, and protein secretion and is mediated by the binding of N-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone to its cognate receptor, TofR
physiological function
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the transcriptional regulator CviR, a LuxR homologue, and signal synthase CviI, a LuxI homologue, form the quorum sensing system
physiological function
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chemical communication within populations of bacteria enable them to estimate their population density, a process sometimes referred to as quorum sensing. Signalling among Proteobacteria often involves N-acyl-homoserine lactones, which have identical polar head groups and a variety of hydrophobic acyl groups that differ in length, oxidation, and desaturation. AHL signal molecules are often referred to as autoinducers. They are synthesized by LuxI-type AHL synthases. Most LuxR-type receptors, i.e. LuxR, LasR, and TraR, require N-acyl-homoserine lactones for function and in at least some cases, N-acyl-homoserine lactones are required for protein folding and protease resistanceCarR is also a LuxR homolog and directly activates the car operon. CarR is rather closely related to members of the EsaR family, which might suggest that its activity can be blocked by cognate N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones. CarR is often referred to as N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone-independent, as it was able to activate the car operon of Pectobacterium carotovorum in a strain lacking N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones. CarR is essential for transcription of the Serratia car operon and functions perfectly well in an N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone-defective strain. It still seems possible that CarR could be antagonized by N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones, although it functions in strains that produce N-butanoyl-L-homoserine lactone
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physiological function
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production of quorum-sensing signals for communication between rhizobia and their plant hosts
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physiological function
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quorum sensing regulates motility and lipase, protease, and antifungal activities
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physiological function
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quorum sensing regulates motility and lipase, and antifungal activities
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physiological function
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quorum sensing systems rely on a signal receptor and a synthase producing N-acyl-homoserine lactone(s) as the signal molecule(s). The rsaL gene, located between the signal receptor and synthase genes, encodes a repressor limiting signal synthase expression and hence signal molecule production, molecular mechanism of action of the RsaL protein in the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium Pseudomonas putida WCS358, overview
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physiological function
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the enzyme is involved in quorum sensing and biosynthesis of N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones. Quorum sensing controls certain behaviors of bacteria in response to population density and influences the virulence. In Gram-negative bacteria, quorum sensing is often mediated by N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones. Quorum sensing controls virulence, motility, and protein secretion and is mediated by the binding of N-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone to its cognate receptor, TofR
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physiological function
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PgaI is responsible for the synthesis of R-N-3-hydroxy-decanoyl -L-homoserine lactone, and PgaI can still produce R-N-3-hydroxy-decanoyl -L-homoserine lactone in a pgaR-negative background, indicating that PgaR is not essential for the production of R-N-3-hydroxy-decanoyl -L-homoserine lactone. tropodithietic acid production in Phaeobacter gallaeciensis is regulated by N-acyl homoserine lactone-mediated quorum sensing, which involves the luxR-luxI-like quorum-sensing system with AHL synthase PgaI. The LuxR-type transcriptional regulator, PgaR, and 3OH-C10-HSL or, alternatively, antibiotic tropodithietic acid are required to induce the expression of tdaA and subsequently for the production of TDA, overview
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physiological function
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chemical communication within populations of bacteria enable them to estimate their population density, a process sometimes referred to as quorum sensing. Signalling among Proteobacteria often involves N-acyl-homoserine lactones, which have identical polar head groups and a variety of hydrophobic acyl groups that differ in length, oxidation, and desaturation. AHL signal molecules are often referred to as autoinducers. They are synthesized by LuxI-type AHL synthases. Most LuxR-type receptors, i.e. LuxR, LasR, and TraR, and SpnR in Serratia marcescens require N-acyl-homoserine lactones for function and in at least some cases, N-acyl-homoserine lactones are required for protein folding and protease resistance. The SpnI/SpnR system controls production of prodigiosin, endonuclease, and a surfactant that affects motility
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additional information
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LuxR is an N-3-oxohexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone sensor and an N-3-oxohexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone-dependent transcriptional activator of the luciferase operon. As a population of Vibrio fischeri cells grows in density, the concentration of external N-3-oxohexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone increases. When the concentration of this signal reaches the nanomolar range, its passive efflux from the cells becomes balanced by an influx, so that it can interact with LuxR. LuxR-OHHL complexes bind the promoter of the luxICDABEG operon and activate its transcription. LuxR structure, overview. Three amino acids clustered in the C-terminal domain of LuxR are required for positive control of transcription. Molecular mechanism of action of LuxR as transcription factor, overview
additional information
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molecular mechanism of action of EsaR as transcription factor, overview
additional information
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molecular mechanism of action of EsaR-type protein PsyR as transcription factor, overview
additional information
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molecular mechanism of action of ExpR as transcription factor, overview
additional information
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molecular mechanism of action of ExpR as transcription factor, overview
additional information
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molecular mechanism of action of LuxR-like YpeR as transcription factor, the organism encodes two LuxR/LuxI, e.g. the YpeI/YpeR, systems, overview
additional information
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molecular mechanism of action of LuxR-like YspR as transcription factor, the organism encodes two LuxR/LuxI, e.g. the YspI/YspR, systems, overview
additional information
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molecular mechanism of action of SmaR as transcription factor, LuxR-type protein SmaR activity is blocked by the cognate N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone, overview
additional information
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molecular mechanism of action of SpnR as transcription factor, overview. SpnR directly represses target promoters, while the N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone synthesized by SpnI antagonizes SpnR. The spnR/I genes are located on at mobile genetic element, and SpnR represses transcription of the Tn3-type transposase of this element
additional information
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molecular mechanism of action of YenR as transcription factor, overview
additional information
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the LasR protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a central component of a regulatory web that controls the expression of hundreds of genes, some of which play direct roles in disease, molecular mechanism of action of LasR as transcription factor, it detects 3-oxododecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone, overview. The so-called orphan receptor QscR, which also detects 3-oxododecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone. The second quorum sensing receptor, RhlR, detects butanoyl-L-homoserine lactone and interacts with its cognate AHL synthase, RhlI. Unlike LuxR, LasR does not detectably release its N-acyl-homoserine lactone. It binds to six LasR-dependent promoters
additional information
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molecular mechanism of action of SmaR as transcription factor, LuxR-type protein SmaR activity is blocked by the cognate N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone, overview
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additional information
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molecular mechanism of action of SpnR as transcription factor, overview. SpnR directly represses target promoters, while the N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone synthesized by SpnI antagonizes SpnR. The spnR/I genes are located on at mobile genetic element, and SpnR represses transcription of the Tn3-type transposase of this element
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