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(2RS)-methylmalonyl-CoA + n-hexanoyl-CoA
triketide lactone + 6-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyrone
-
-
-
?
2 malonyl-CoA + 2 stearoyl-CoA
6-heptadecyl-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one + 4-hydroxy-6-(2-oxononadecyl)-2H-pyran-2-one + 2 CoA + 2 CO2
-
-
-
?
2 malonyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA
4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone + 3 CoA + 2 CO2
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone
-
the enzyme catalyzes the condensation of 4-hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA and three malonyl-CoA molecules to form the chalcone derivative, naringenin chalcone, which is the first committed step in the phenylpropanoid pathway of plants, leading to the biosynthesis of flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and anthocyanins
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + benzoyl-CoA
4 CoA + 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone + 3 CO2
-
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + caffeoyl-CoA
?
-
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + cinnamoyl-CoA
4 CoA + pinocembrin chalcone + 3 CO2
-
preferred substrate
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + feruloyl-CoA
?
-
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + hexanoyl-CoA
4 CoA + ? + 3 CO2
37% of the activity with 4-coumaroyl-CoA
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + sinapoyl-CoA
?
-
-
-
?
4-coumaroyl-CoA + (2RS)-methylmalonyl-CoA
1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pent-1-en-3-one
-
-
-
?
4-coumaroyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
4-coumaroyltriacetic acid lactone + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
-
wild-type enzyme shows low 4-coumaroyltriacetic acid lactone-producing activity at pH 7.5, but an appreciable level at pH 10. Substitutions V196M, T197A, and V196M/T197A causes a shift toward neutrality of the optimum pH for 4-coumaroyltriacetic acid lactone-producing activity. Enhancement of the tetraketide producing activity upon V196M and V196M/T197A substitutions is most markedly observed when 4-coumaroyl-CoA is used as the starter substrate, and only slightly with benzoyl-, caffeoyl- and hexanoyl-CoA
-
?
4-coumaroyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
5-hydroxyferulyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
? + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
?
benzoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
?
22% activity compared to 4-coumaroyl-CoA
-
-
?
benzoyl-CoA + methylmalonyl-CoA
4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-phenyl-pyran-2-one + 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-(1-methyl-2-oxo-2-phenyl-ethyl)-pyran-2-one + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
caffeoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
eriodictyol + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
caffeoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
?
43% activity compared to 4-coumaroyl-CoA
-
-
?
cinnamoyl diketide-NAC + (2RS)-methylmalonyl-CoA
methylated triketide styrylpyrone + ?
-
-
-
?
cinnamoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
5,7-dihydroxyflavanone + CoA + CO2
cinnamoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
?
81% activity compared to 4-coumaroyl-CoA
-
-
?
decanoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-decan-1-one + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
feruloyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
?
52% activity compared to 4-coumaroyl-CoA
-
-
?
ferulyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
homoeriodictyol + CoA + CO2
hexanoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
phlorocaprophenone + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
hexanoyl-CoA + methylmalonyl-CoA
4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethyl-6-pentyl-pyran-2-one + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
isobutyryl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
?
-
-
-
-
?
isovaleryl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
?
-
-
-
-
?
malonyl CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADH
6'-deoxychalcone + CoA + CO2 + NAD+
malonyl-CoA + 3-coumaroyl-CoA
? + CO2 + CoA
-
34.4% of the activity with 4-coumaroyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + 3-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA
? + CO2 + CoA
-
21.8% of the activity with 4-coumaroyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH
5'-deoxyflavanone + CoA + CO2 + NADP+
malonyl-CoA + 4-fluorocinnamoyl-CoA
fluorinated chalcone + alpha-pyrone + 2 CoA
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA
4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone + CoA + CO2
the reaction is catalyzed by isoform ASCL2 only
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA
?
malonyl-CoA + benzoyl-CoA
bis-noryangonin + 4-coumaroyl triacetic acid lactone + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + benzoyl-CoA
phlorobenzophenone + CO2 + CoA
malonyl-CoA + butyryl-CoA
?
malonyl-CoA + butyryl-CoA
phlorobutyrophenone + CO2 + CoA
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + caffeoyl-CoA
?
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + cinnamoyl-CoA
?
62% of the activity with 4-coumaroyl-CoA
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + dihydro-p-coumaroyl-CoA
?
50% of the activity with 4-coumaroyl-CoA
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + dihydrocinnamoyl-CoA
?
23% of the activity with 4-coumaroyl-CoA
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + feruloyl-CoA
?
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + hexanoyl-CoA
4-hydroxy-6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + hexanoyl-CoA
?
malonyl-CoA + hexanoyl-CoA
phlorocaprophenone + CO2 + CoA
malonyl-CoA + isovaleryl-CoA
?
malonyl-CoA + n-butyryl-CoA
1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-butan-1-one + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + n-butyryl-CoA
?
43% of the activitry with 4-coumaroyl-CoA
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + octanoyl-CoA
1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-octan-1-one + CoA + CO2
-
poor substrate
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + octanoyl-CoA
6-heptyl-4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + octanoyl-CoA
?
malonyl-CoA + phenylacetyl-CoA
phlorobenzylketone + CoA + Co2
-
-
i.e. 2,4,6-trihydroxyphenylbenzylketone
?
malonyl-CoA + sinapoyl-CoA
?
-
-
-
?
methylmalonyl-CoA + benzoyl-CoA
triketide alpha-pyrone + tetraketide alpha-pyrone
-
-
-
?
n-hexanoyl-CoA + butyryl-CoA
phlorobutyrophenone + phlorocaprophenone
-
-
-
?
octanoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
1-(2,4,6-trihydroxyphenyl)-octan-1-one + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
sinapyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
? + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
2 malonyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA
4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone + 3 CoA + 2 CO2
-
poor substrate
i.e. triacetic acid lactone
?
2 malonyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA
4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2-pyrone + 3 CoA + 2 CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2
-
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2
-
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2
-
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2
-
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2
-
the reaction has highest efficiency with isoform CHS1. 4-coumaroyl-CoA is the best substrate for isoform CHS1
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2
-
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2
-
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2
-
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2
-
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2
-
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2
-
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2
-
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2
100% activity
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2
the enzyme effectively yields naringenin as a dominant product at pH 7.5
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2
when incubated with 4-coumaroyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA as substrates at pH 7.5, the enzyme catalyzes the formation of naringeninchalcone as a major product, along with 4-hydroxybenzalacetone. At pH 9.5, the enzyme effectively yields 4-hydroxybenzalacetone as a dominant product, along with naringenin chalcone
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2
-
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2
-
-
-
-
?
3 malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4 CoA + naringenin chalcone + 3 CO2
-
-
-
-
?
4-coumaroyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
-
-
-
?
4-coumaroyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
first step in flavonoid biosynthesis in plants
-
?
4-coumaroyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
-
-
-
?
4-coumaroyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
-
-
-
?
4-coumaroyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
-
-
?
4-coumaroyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
key enzyme in flavonoid synthesis
-
-
?
4-coumaroyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
-
-
-
?
4-coumaroyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
key enzyme in prenylflavonoid biosynthesis
-
-
?
4-coumaroyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
-
-
-
?
4-coumaroyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
-
-
-
?
4-coumaroyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
-
-
?
4-coumaroyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
-
-
?
4-coumaroyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
RiPKS5 synthesizes naringenin chalcone exclusively
-
-
?
4-coumaroyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
-
-
-
?
4-coumaroyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
-
-
-
?
caffeoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
eriodictyol + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
-
-
-
?
caffeoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
eriodictyol + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
-
-
?
caffeoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
eriodictyol + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
-
-
-
?
caffeoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
eriodictyol + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
80% enzyme activity
-
-
?
caffeoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
eriodictyol + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
-
-
?
caffeoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
eriodictyol + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
wild type enzyme uses cinnamoyl-CoA and 4-coumaroyl-CoA at comparable rates whereas feruloyl-CoA is a poor substrate, HvCHS2 converts feruloyl-CoA and caffeoyl-CoA at the highest rate whereas cinnamoyl-CoA is a poor substrate
-
-
?
caffeoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
eriodictyol + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
-
-
?
caffeoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
eriodictyol + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
-
-
?
caffeoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
eriodictyol + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
-
-
-
?
caffeoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
eriodictyol + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
Silene sp.
-
-
-
-
?
caffeoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
eriodictyol + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
-
-
-
?
caffeoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
eriodictyol + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
-
-
?
caffeoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
eriodictyol + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
Verbena sp.
-
less efficient than 4-coumaroyl-CoA
-
-
?
caffeoyl-CoA + 3 malonyl-CoA
eriodictyol + 4 CoA + 3 CO2
-
-
-
?
cinnamoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
5,7-dihydroxyflavanone + CoA + CO2
-
15% of the reaction rate with 4-coumaroyl-CoA
i.e. pinocembrin
?
cinnamoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
5,7-dihydroxyflavanone + CoA + CO2
-
wild type enzyme uses cinnamoyl-CoA and 4-coumaroyl-CoA at comparable rates whereas feruloyl-CoA is a poor substrate, HvCHS2 converts feruloyl-CoA and caffeoyl-CoA at the highest rate whereas cinnamoyl-CoA is a poor substrate
-
-
?
cinnamoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
5,7-dihydroxyflavanone + CoA + CO2
-
87.5% of the activity with 4-coumaroyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
-
-
?
cinnamoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
5,7-dihydroxyflavanone + CoA + CO2
-
-
i.e. pinocembrin
?
cinnamoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
5,7-dihydroxyflavanone + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
?
cinnamoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
5,7-dihydroxyflavanone + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
cinnamoyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
5,7-dihydroxyflavanone + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
ferulyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
homoeriodictyol + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
ferulyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
homoeriodictyol + CoA + CO2
-
80% enzyme activity
-
-
?
ferulyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
homoeriodictyol + CoA + CO2
-
reaction gives one major and 3 minor reaction products, none of those is identical with homoeriodictyol
-
-
?
ferulyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
homoeriodictyol + CoA + CO2
-
wild type enzyme uses cinnamoyl-CoA and 4-coumaroyl-CoA at comparable rates whereas feruloyl-CoA is a poor substrate, HvCHS2 converts feruloyl-CoA and caffeoyl-CoA at the highest rate whereas cinnamoyl-CoA is a poor substrate
-
-
?
ferulyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
homoeriodictyol + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
?
ferulyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
homoeriodictyol + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
ferulyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
homoeriodictyol + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
?
ferulyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
homoeriodictyol + CoA + CO2
-
-
formation of by-products
?
malonyl CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADH
6'-deoxychalcone + CoA + CO2 + NAD+
-
-
the formation of this product requires an additional reductase
?
malonyl CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADH
6'-deoxychalcone + CoA + CO2 + NAD+
-
-
-
?
malonyl CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADH
6'-deoxychalcone + CoA + CO2 + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
malonyl CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADH
6'-deoxychalcone + CoA + CO2 + NAD+
-
-
-
-
?
malonyl CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADH
6'-deoxychalcone + CoA + CO2 + NAD+
-
-
the formation of this product requires an additional reductase
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
-
due to the presence of isomerase the immediate product naringenin chalcone is not detectable, instead 4,2',4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone is found, the latter cyclizes spontaneously to naringenin
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
-
chalcone is the initial product that spontaneously transforms to naringenin
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
no formation of naringenin
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
-
in the presence of NADH liquiritigenin i.e. 5-deoxyflavanone is formed as a byproduct
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
wild type enzyme uses cinnamoyl-CoA and 4-coumaroyl-CoA at comparable rates whereas feruloyl-CoA is a poor substrate, HvCHS2 converts feruloyl-CoA and caffeoyl-CoA at the highest rate whereas cinnamoyl-CoA is a poor substrate
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
Juglans sp.
-
-
due to the presence of isomerase the immediate product naringenin chalcone is not detectable, instead 4,2',4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone is found
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
-
due to the presence of isomerase the immediate product naringenin chalcone is not detectable, instead 4,2',4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone is found
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
-
byproduct 2.7-4.2% reservatrol
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
-
PKS1 produces mainly naringenin chalcone as product with small amounts of 4-coumaroyltriacetic acid lactone as byproduct, PKS3 produces mainly 4-coumaroyltriacetic acid lactone and only small amounts of naringenin chalcone
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
Silene sp.
-
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
-
due to the presence of isomerase the immediate product naringenin chalcone is not detectable, instead 4,2',4',6'-tetrahydroxychalcone is found, the latter cyclizes spontaneously to naringenin
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
-
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
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-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
Verbena sp.
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-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
naringenin chalcone + CoA + CO2
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-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH
5'-deoxyflavanone + CoA + CO2 + NADP+
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the formation of this product requires an additional reductase
?
malonyl-CoA + 4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH
5'-deoxyflavanone + CoA + CO2 + NADP+
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA
?
-
the reaction has highest efficiency with isoform CHS2
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-
?
malonyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA
?
isoform CHS1 exhibits 21.15% activity compared to 4-coumaryl-CoA
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-
?
malonyl-CoA + acetyl-CoA
?
isoform CHS2 exhibits 138.11% activity compared to 4-coumaryl-CoA
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-
?
malonyl-CoA + benzoyl-CoA
phlorobenzophenone + CO2 + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + benzoyl-CoA
phlorobenzophenone + CO2 + CoA
-
22.3% of the activity with 4-coumaroyl-CoA + malonyl-CoA
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-
?
malonyl-CoA + benzoyl-CoA
phlorobenzophenone + CO2 + CoA
-
poor substrate at pH 8, most efficient substrate at pH 6.5
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-
?
malonyl-CoA + benzoyl-CoA
phlorobenzophenone + CO2 + CoA
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i.e. 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzophenone along with byproducts
?
malonyl-CoA + benzoyl-CoA
phlorobenzophenone + CO2 + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + butyryl-CoA
?
-
the reaction has highest efficiency with isoform CHS2
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + butyryl-CoA
?
isoform CHS1 exhibits 18.85% activity compared to 4-coumaryl-CoA
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + butyryl-CoA
?
isoform CHS2 exhibits 45.38% activity compared to 4-coumaryl-CoA
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + hexanoyl-CoA
?
-
the reaction has highest efficiency with isoform CHS2. Hexanoyl-CoA is the best substrate for isoform CHS2
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + hexanoyl-CoA
?
37% of the activity with 4-coumaroyl-CoA
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + hexanoyl-CoA
?
isoform CHS1 exhibits 3.09% activity compared to 4-coumaryl-CoA
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + hexanoyl-CoA
?
isoform CHS2 exhibits 2.36% activity compared to 4-coumaryl-CoA
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + hexanoyl-CoA
phlorocaprophenone + CO2 + CoA
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + hexanoyl-CoA
phlorocaprophenone + CO2 + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + isovaleryl-CoA
?
15% of the activity with 4-coumaroyl-CoA
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + isovaleryl-CoA
?
-
-
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + octanoyl-CoA
?
-
the reaction has highest efficiency with isoform CHS2
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + octanoyl-CoA
?
isoform CHS1 exhibits 22.04% activity compared to 4-coumaryl-CoA
-
-
?
malonyl-CoA + octanoyl-CoA
?
isoform CHS2 exhibits 72.39% activity compared to 4-coumaryl-CoA
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with 4-coumaroyl-CoA
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
CHS function is an important regulatory point of substrate flow between the flavonoid and the phenylpropanoid pathways
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-
?
additional information
?
-
neither isoform GASCL1 nor isoform GASCL2 accept 4-coumaroyl-CoA or benzoyl-CoA as substrates
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-
-
additional information
?
-
-
neither isoform GASCL1 nor isoform GASCL2 accept 4-coumaroyl-CoA or benzoyl-CoA as substrates
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-
-
additional information
?
-
GmIRCHS is the I gene that inhibits pigmentation over the entire seed coat, resulting in a uniform yellow color of mature harvested seeds
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-
?
additional information
?
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-
GmIRCHS is the I gene that inhibits pigmentation over the entire seed coat, resulting in a uniform yellow color of mature harvested seeds
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
key enzyme of the flavonoid/anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
induction of chalcone synthase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase by salicylic acid and Colletotrichum lindemuthianum
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
4-coumaroyl-CoA and feruloyl-CoA are the only cinnamoyl-CoA derivatives accepted as starter substrates. RinPKS1 does not accept isobutyryl-CoA, isovaleryl-CoA or acetyl-CoA as substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
4-coumaroyl-CoA and feruloyl-CoA are the only cinnamoyl-CoA derivatives accepted as starter substrates. RinPKS1 does not accept isobutyryl-CoA, isovaleryl-CoA or acetyl-CoA as substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme does not accept isobutyryl-CoA, isovaleryl-CoA or acetyl-CoA as substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
the enzyme does not accept isobutyryl-CoA, isovaleryl-CoA or acetyl-CoA as substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme accepts both aromatic and aliphatic CoA esters as starter substrate
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
homozygous C2-Idf plants show no pigmentation. This allele also inhibits expression of functional C2 alleles in heterozygotes, producing a less pigmented condition instead of the normal deeply pigmented phenotype. The inhibitory effect of C2-Idf occurs through RNA silencing
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?
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