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Information on EC 2.3.1.276 - galactosamine-1-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
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EC Tree
2.3.1.276 galactosamine-1-phosphate N-acetyltransferaseIUBMB Comments
The enzyme, characterized from the archaeon Sulfolobus tokodaii, is also active toward alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate (cf. EC 2.3.1.157, glucosamine-1-phosphate N-acetyltransferase). In addition, that enzyme contains a second domain that catalyses the activities of EC 2.7.7.23, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase, EC 2.7.7.24, glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase, and EC 2.7.7.83, UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine diphosphorylase.
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The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Archaea
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
Gal-1-P AcTase, galactosamine-1-phosphate acetyltransferase, GalN-1-P AcTase, ST0452, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
galactosamine-1-phosphate acetyltransferase
GalN-1-P AcTase
ST0452
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
acetyl-CoA + alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate = CoA + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
-
-
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
acetyl-CoA:alpha-D-galactosamine-1-phosphate N-acetyltransferase
The enzyme, characterized from the archaeon Sulfolobus tokodaii, is also active toward alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate (cf. EC 2.3.1.157, glucosamine-1-phosphate N-acetyltransferase). In addition, that enzyme contains a second domain that catalyses the activities of EC 2.7.7.23, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase, EC 2.7.7.24, glucose-1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase, and EC 2.7.7.83, UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine diphosphorylase.
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
acetyl-CoA + alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
CoA + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
acetyl-CoA + alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
CoA + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
CoA + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
no activity with alpha-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
CoA + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
the enzyme is involved in biosyntheis of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
CoA + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
-
-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
acetyl-CoA + alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
CoA + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
acetyl-CoA + alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
CoA + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
-
-
-
?
acetyl-CoA + alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
CoA + N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
the enzyme is involved in biosyntheis of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine
-
-
?
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Ca2+
2 mM, enhances galactosamine-1-phosphate N-acetyltransferase activity 2.1fold
Co2+
2 mM, enhances galactosamine-1-phosphate N-acetyltransferase activity 1.2fold
Mg2+
2 mM, enhances galactosamine-1-phosphate N-acetyltransferase activity 1.4fold
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.52
acetyl-CoA
pH 7.5, 80°C, mutant enzyme DC005 with a deletion of the C-terminal 5 residues of the ST0452 protein
1.55
acetyl-CoA
pH 7.5, 80°C, mutant enzyme DC011 with a deletion of the C-terminal 11 residues of the ST0452 protein
0.66
alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
pH 7.5, 80°C, mutant enzyme DC011 with a deletion of the C-terminal 11 residues of the ST0452 protein
0.84
alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
pH 7.5, 80°C, mutant enzyme DC005 with a deletion of the C-terminal 5 residues of the ST0452 protein
1.71
alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
pH 7.5, 80°C, wild-type enzyme
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
12.6
alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
pH 7.5, 80°C, mutant enzyme DC011 with a deletion of the C-terminal 11 residues of the ST0452 protein
17.9
alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
pH 7.5, 80°C, mutant enzyme DC005 with a deletion of the C-terminal 5 residues of the ST0452 protein
69.7
alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
pH 7.5, 80°C, wild-type enzyme
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kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
19.6
alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
pH 7.5, 80°C, mutant enzyme DC011 with a deletion of the C-terminal 11 residues of the ST0452 protein
21.5
alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
pH 7.5, 80°C, mutant enzyme DC005 with a deletion of the C-terminal 5 residues of the ST0452 protein
40.8
alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
pH 7.5, 80°C, wild-type enzyme
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
38.4
pH 7.5, 80°C, substrates: acetyl-CoA + alpha-D-galactosamine 1-phosphate
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
metabolism
physiological function
metabolism
the enzyme is involved in biosyntheis of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine
metabolism
-
the enzyme is involved in biosyntheis of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine
-
physiological function
because the multifunctional ST0452 protein is capable of catalyzing the last two reactions (Ec 2.3.1.157 and EC 2.7.7.23 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase)) of the bacteria-type four-step biosynthesis pathway of UDP-alpha-D-glucosamine from fructose 6-phosphate, the ST0452 protein plays an important role for the bacteria-type UDP-alpha-D-glucosamine biosynthesis pathway in this archaeon
physiological function
-
because the multifunctional ST0452 protein is capable of catalyzing the last two reactions (Ec 2.3.1.157 and EC 2.7.7.23 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase)) of the bacteria-type four-step biosynthesis pathway of UDP-alpha-D-glucosamine from fructose 6-phosphate, the ST0452 protein plays an important role for the bacteria-type UDP-alpha-D-glucosamine biosynthesis pathway in this archaeon
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UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). S1PNA_SULTO
Sulfurisphaera tokodaii (strain DSM 16993 / JCM 10545 / NBRC 100140 / 7)
401
0
44516
Swiss-Prot
-
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SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
trimer
the C-terminal domain of the ST0452 protein, with its LbetaH structure, appears to be essential for the formation of its trimeric form
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CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
sitting drop vapor diffusion method at 22°C, crystallization of the Y97N protein
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PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
H308A
specific activity is 7.7% compared to the wild-type enzyme
K340A
specific activity is 63.3% compared to the wild-type enzyme
K377A
specific activity is 82.6% compared to the wild-type enzyme
N331A
specific activity is 3.1% compared to the wild-type enzyme
T80S/Y97N
the mutant enzyme shows 6.5times-higher activity, compared to that of the wild-type ST0452 protein, revealing that these two substituted residues function cooperatively to increase N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase activity
Y311A
specific activity is 3.3% compared to the wild-type enzyme
Y97N
additional information
C-terminal deletion mutants DC005 and DC011 (deletion of the C-terminal 5 or 11 residues of the ST0452 protein) shows 20% and 38% less galactosamine-1-phosphate acetyltransferase activity than the wild-type ST0452 protein. The mutant enzyme DC011 (deletion of the C-terminal 11 residues of the ST0452 protein) shows little thermal stability at 80°C. The C-terminal domain of the ST0452 protein, with its LbetaH structure, appears to be essential for the formation of its trimeric form and, in turn, the high stability of the entire ST0452 protein. The deletion mutant enzymes DC021, DC031, DC041, DC071 and DC121, are produced in an insoluble form or aggregated immediately after purification. Mutant enzymes DC051 and DC171 can be expressed in a soluble form. Mutant enzyme DC051 becomes completely insoluble after 5 min treatment at 60°C, while mutant enzyme DC171 is insoluble after 5 min treatment at 70 °C
Y97N
the mutant enzyme exhibits over 4 times higher N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase activity, compared with that of the wild-type ST0452 protein. The three-dimensional structure of the Y97N protein was not changed by this substitution but the interactions with the substrate were slightly modified, which might cause the activity to increase. The crystal structure of the Y97N protein shows that positions 146 (Glu) and 80 (Thr) form interactions with GlcNAc, and an engineering strategy is applied to these residues to increase activity
Y97N
-
the mutant enzyme exhibits over 4 times higher N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase activity, compared with that of the wild-type ST0452 protein. The three-dimensional structure of the Y97N protein was not changed by this substitution but the interactions with the substrate were slightly modified, which might cause the activity to increase. The crystal structure of the Y97N protein shows that positions 146 (Glu) and 80 (Thr) form interactions with GlcNAc, and an engineering strategy is applied to these residues to increase activity
-
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TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
80
mutant enzyme DC005 shows the same thermostability as wild-type ST0452 protein, whereas mutant enzyme DC011 denatures and becomes insoluble form by 5-min treatment at 80 °C. The C-terminal domain of the ST0452 protein, with its LbetaH structure, appears to be essential for the formation of its trimeric form and, in turn, the high stability of the entire ST0452 protein
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PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Zhang, Z.; Akutsu, J.; Kawarabayasi, Y.
Identification of novel acetyltransferase activity on the thermostable protein ST0452 from Sulfolobus tokodaii strain 7
J. Bacteriol.
192
3287-3293
2010
Sulfurisphaera tokodaii (Q975F9), Sulfurisphaera tokodaii 7 (Q975F9)
brenda
Zhang, Z.; Shimizu, Y.; Kawarabayasi, Y.
Characterization of the amino acid residues mediating the unique amino-sugar-1-phosphate acetyltransferase activity of the archaeal ST0452 protein
Extremophiles
19
417-427
2015
Sulfurisphaera tokodaii (Q975F9), Sulfurisphaera tokodaii 7 (Q975F9)
brenda
Kawarabayasi, Y.
Improvement of thermostable enzyme with sugar metabolic activity by targeted mutagenesis
Adv. Enzyme Biotechnol.
1-8
2013
Sulfurisphaera tokodaii (Q975F9), Sulfurisphaera tokodaii DSM 16993 (Q975F9)
-
brenda
Honda, Y.; Nakano, S.; Ito, S.; Dadashipour, M.; Zhang, Z.; Kawarabayasi, Y.
Improvement of ST0452 N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate uridyltransferase activity by the cooperative effect of two single mutations identified through structure-based protein engineering
Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
84
e002213-18
2018
Sulfurisphaera tokodaii (Q975F9), Sulfurisphaera tokodaii DSM 16993 (Q975F9)
brenda
Dadashipour, M.; Iwamoto, M.; Hossain, M.M.; Akutsu, J.I.; Zhang, Z.; Kawarabayasi, Y.
Identification of a direct biosynthetic pathway for UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine from glucosamine-6-phosphate in thermophilic crenarchaeon Sulfolobus tokodaii
J. Bacteriol.
200
e00048-18
2018
Sulfurisphaera tokodaii (Q975F9), Sulfurisphaera tokodaii DSM 16993 (Q975F9)
brenda
Jiang, Y.; Qin, M.; Guo, Z.
Substrate recognition and catalytic mechanism of the phosphate acyltransferase PlsX from Bacillus subtilis
ChemBioChem
21
1-11
2020
Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus subtilis 168
brenda
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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)
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