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Identification of reference genes suitable for qRT-PCR in grapevine and application for the study of the expression of genes involved in pterostilbene synthesis.
three-dimensional enzyme homology modeling and docking study for identification of four key catalytic residues. Residues F167 and W258 form a sandwich to bind resveratrol, residue D174 is in close proximity to the substrate, and residue H261 might serve as a general base in the deprotonation of hydroxyl groups
two resveratrol O-methyltransferase genes (sbOMT1 and sbOMT3) from Sorghum bicolor are capable of using resveratrol as a substrate that yields methylated analogues of resveratrol. The sbOMT3 O-methyltransferase catalyzes the A-ring specific 3,5-bis-O-methylation of resveratrol, which in turn yields pterostilbene (3,5-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxystilbene) in coexpression with a stilbene synthase from Arachis hypogaea. In addition, resveratrol O-methyltransferase sbOMT1, which has a potential as eugenol O-methyltransferase, predominantly catalyzes the resveratrol B-ring (4'-O-methylation), which yields 3,5-dihydroxy-4'-methoxystilbene
synthesis mechanism of pterostilbene in case of Geotrichum citriaurantii infection, and regulation of resveratrol O-methyltransferase gene in pterostilbene defensing the sour rot (Geotrichum citriaurantii) of wine grape, overview. Pterostilbene, the most important phytoalexin, effectively inhibits the activity of Geotrichum citriaurantii
the multifunctional caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT, EC 2.1.1.46) originating from Arabidopsis thaliana also catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group to resveratrol resulting in pterostilbene production (EC 2.1.1.240)
construction of a biological platform to produce pterostilbene with the ROMT gene of Arabidopsis thaliana. Pterostilbene can be synthesized from intracellular L-tyrosine, which requires the activities of four enzymes: tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL) from Saccharothrix espanaensis, p-coumarate:CoA ligase (CCL) from Nicotiana tabacum, stilbene synthase (STS) from Vitis vinifera, and resveratrol O-methyltransferase (ROMT). For the efficient production of pterostilbene in Escherichia coli, an engineered Escherichia coli strain P1 is used to increase the intracellular pool of L-tyrosine, which is the initial precursor of pterostilbene, with L-mehionine containing media to increase the intracellular pool of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM). Pterostilbene production as high as 33.6 mg/l is achieved, which is about 3.6fold higher compared with that in the parental Escherichia coli strain harboring a plasmid for pterostilbene biosynthesis. Method, overview
development of an Escherichia coli system containing an artificial biosynthetic pathway that produces methylated resveratrol analogues, such as pinostilbene (3,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxystilbene), 3,5-dihydroxy-4'-methoxystilbene, 3,4'-dimethoxy-5-hydroxystilbene, and 3,5,4'-trimethoxystilbene, from simple carbon sources. The artificial biosynthetic pathways contain a series of codon-optimized O-methyltransferase genes from sorghum in addition to the resveratrol biosynthetic genes
metabolic engineering of stilbene biosynthesis, production of resveratrol and its monomethylated derivative pinostilbene as the major product from 4-coumaric acid in Escherichia coli through coexpression of multiple enzymes (cinnamate/4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase, stilbene synthase, resveratrol O-methyltransferase) responsible for stilbene biosynthesis. When 4-coumaric acid is fed as the precursor, maximum levels of resveratrol and pinostilbene are produced by recombinant Escherichia coli cells co-expressing Streptomyces coelicolor cinnamate/4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase ScCCL and Rheum palmatum stilbene synthase RpSTSsyn, or Streptomyces coelicolor ScCCL, RpSTSsyn and Sorghum bicolor resveratrol O-methyltransferase SbROMT3syn, respectively. Method evaluation and optimization
enhanced production of resveratrol derivatives in Nicotiana tabacum plants by improving the metabolic flux of intermediates in the phenylpropanoid pathway. Generation of transgenic Nicotiana tabacum SR1 plants (STS-OX and ROST-OX) expressing the RpSTS gene encoding stilbene synthase from rhubarb (Rheum palmatum cv. Jangyeop) and the RpSTS and VrROMT genes encoding resveratrol O-methyltransferase from frost grape (Vitis riparia) under the control of 35S promoter. Phenotypes and method development and evaluation, overview
enhanced production of resveratrol derivatives in Nicotiana tabacum plants by improving the metabolic flux of intermediates in the phenylpropanoid pathway. Generation of transgenic Nicotiana tabacum SR1 plants (STS-OX and ROST-OX) expressing the RpSTS gene encoding stilbene synthase from rhubarb (Rheum palmatum cv. Jangyeop) and the RpSTS and VrROMT genes encoding resveratrol O-methyltransferase from frost grape (Vitis riparia) under the control of 35S promoter. Phenotypes and method development and evaluation, overview
functional expression of plant-derived O-methyltransferase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, and flavonol synthase in Corynebacterium glutamicum and in Vitis vinifera cell culture for production of pterostilbene, kaempferol, and quercetin
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expression in Escherichia coli. Transient coexpression of ROMT and grapevine stilbene synthase in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) using the agroinfiltration technique results in the accumulation of pterostilbene in tobacco tissues
gene ROMT, recombinant expression in Corynebacterium glutamicum and in Vitis vinifera cell culture, coexpression with flavanone 3-hydroxylase, and flavonol synthase, transient recombinant expression of HA-tagged enzyme in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves via Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation, coexpression with human cytochrome P450 hydroxylase 1B1 (HsCYP1B1)
gene ROMT, recombinant expression in Escherichia coli strain BW27784 and in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, coexpression of two additional genes from the resveratrol biosynthetic pathway, 4-coumarate CoA-ligase and stilbene synthase, leads to production of a large amount of pterostilbene with a trace amount of pinostilbene, subcloning in Escherichia coli strain DH5alpha, recombinant expression of grape SUMO-fusion wild-type and mutant enzymes in Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3)
gene sbOMT3, recombinant expression of codon-optimized resveratrol O-methyltransferase genes sbOMT1 and sbOMT3 in Escherichia coli strain C41 (DE3), development of an artificial biosynthetic pathway that produces methylated resveratrol analogues, such as pinostilbene (3,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxystilbene), 3,5-dihydroxy-4'-methoxystilbene, 3,4'-dimethoxy-5-hydroxystilbene, and 3,5,4'-trimethoxystilbene, from simple carbon sources in Escherichia coli
gene SbROMT3syn, recombinant expression of the His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21-CodonPlus (DE3)-RIPL, subcloning in Escherichia coli strain DH5alpha
gene VrROMTsyn, recombinant expression of the His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21-CodonPlus (DE3)-RIPL, subcloning in Escherichia coli strain DH5alpha. Recombinantly expressed enzyme from grape produces very small amounts of methylated resveratrol derivatives in Escherichia coli
recombinant expression of the His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21-CodonPlus (DE3)-RIPL, coexpression with His-tagged cinnamate/4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase from Streptomyces coelicolor and Strep-tagged stilbene synthase from Rheum palmatum
recombinant expression of the His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21-CodonPlus (DE3)-RIPL, coexpression with His-tagged cinnamate/4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase from Streptomyces coelicolor and Strep-tagged stilbene synthase from Rheum palmatum. Method evaluation and optimization
ROMT gene expression in grapevine leaves is induced by different stresses, including downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) infection, ultraviolet light, and AlCl3 treatment
large-scale production of plant metabolites via microbial approaches is a promising alternative to chemical synthesis and extraction from plant sources Development of an Escherichia coli system containing an artificial biosynthetic pathway, involving the enzyme, that produces methylated resveratrol analogues, such as pinostilbene (3,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxystilbene), 3,5-dihydroxy-4'-methoxystilbene, 3,4'-dimethoxy-5-hydroxystilbene, and 3,5,4'-trimethoxystilbene, from simple carbon sources
the enzyme is useful for conversion of 4-coumaric acid to pterostilbene via co-expression of 4CL::STS and ROMT in recombinant Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, overview
the Vitis riparia enzyme VrROMTsyn cannot be used as an enzyme to produce pinostilbene by methylating resveratrol in microorganisms, since it has no or very poor enzyme activity toward resveratrol as a substrate
introduction of enzyme into a resveratrol-producing Corynebacterium glutamicum strain allows synthesis of 42 mg/l (0.16 mM) of the di-O-methylated pterostilbene from p-coumaric acid. A fusion of O-methyltransferase with the maltose-binding protein of Escherichia coli lacking its signal peptide increases the solubility of the O-methyltransferase. Expression of heterologous dioxygenase genes in (2S)-flavanone-producing Corynebacterium glutamicum strains enables the production of flavanonols and flavonols starting from p-coumaric acid and caffeic acid. For the flavonols kaempferol and quercetin, maximum product titers of 23 mg/l (0.08 mM) and 10 mg/l (0.03 mM) can be achieved
the enzyme is used for production of large amounts of easily recoverable extracellular resveratrol in a bacterial system, method, overview. Constitutive expression of either Vitis vinifera resveratrol O-methyltransferase (VvROMT) or human cytochrome P450 hydroxylase 1B1 (HsCYP1B1) lead to pterostilbene or piceatannol, respectively, after the engineered cell cultures are treated with elicitors. i.e. methylated cyclodextrins and methyl jasmonate. Functionality of both gene products is first assessed in planta by Nicotiana benthamiana agroinfiltration assays, in which tobacco cells transiently express stilbene synthase and VvROMT or HsCYP1B1
Gamm, M.; Heloir, M.C.; Kelloniemi, J.; Poinssot, B.; Wendehenne, D.; Adrian, M.
Identification of reference genes suitable for qRT-PCR in grapevine and application for the study of the expression of genes involved in pterostilbene synthesis
Kallscheuer, N.; Vogt, M.; Bott, M.; Marienhagen, J.
Functional expression of plant-derived O-methyltransferase, flavanone 3-hydroxylase, and flavonol synthase in Corynebacterium glutamicum for production of pterostilbene, kaempferol, and quercetin